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<title>Languages of Chad</title>
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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Languages of Chad</span></span>
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</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:#efefef;">Languages of Chad</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"></span><div class="infobox-caption">Signage in French and Arabic at the <a href="University_of_N'Djamena" title="University of N'Djamena">University of N'Djamena</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="Official_language" title="Official language">Official</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a>, <a href="French_language" title="French language">French</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="Indigenous_language" title="Indigenous language">Indigenous</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Chadic_languages" title="Chadic languages">Chadic languages</a>, <a href="Nilo-Saharan_languages" title="Nilo-Saharan languages">Nilo-Saharan languages</a>, <a href="Adamawa_languages" title="Adamawa languages">Adamawa languages</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="Vernacular" title="Vernacular">Vernacular</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="African_French#Français_populaire_africain" title="African French">Français populaire africain</a>, <a href="Chadian_Arabic" title="Chadian Arabic">Chadian Arabic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="Foreign_language" title="Foreign language">Foreign</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="English_language" title="English language">English</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="Sign_language" title="Sign language">Signed</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Nigerian_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Nigerian Sign Language">Nigerian Sign Language</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="Keyboard_layout" title="Keyboard layout">Keyboard layout</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="margin: 0 auto; text-align: center;">French <a href="AZERTY" title="AZERTY">AZERTY</a><br><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table>
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</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of a series on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa"><span class="wraplinks"><a href="Culture_of_Chad" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Chad">Culture of Chad</a></span></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image photo"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"></span></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size:105%;line-height:1.6;">
<a href="History_of_Chad" title="History of Chad">History</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size:105%;line-height:1.6;">
<a href="Ethnic_groups_in_Chad" title="Ethnic groups in Chad">People</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size:105%;line-height:1.6;">
</th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size:105%;line-height:1.6;">
<a href="Chadian_cuisine" title="Chadian cuisine">Cuisine</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size:105%;line-height:1.6;">
<a href="Religion_in_Chad" title="Religion in Chad">Religion</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size:105%;line-height:1.6;">
<a href="Art_of_Chad" class="mw-redirect" title="Art of Chad">Art</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size:105%;line-height:1.6;">
<a href="Literature_of_Chad" class="mw-redirect" title="Literature of Chad">Literature</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size:105%;line-height:1.6;">
<a href="Music_of_Chad" title="Music of Chad">Music</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">
<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Media</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">
<ul><li><a href="Radio_in_Chad" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio in Chad">Radio</a></li>
<li><a href="Television_in_Chad" class="mw-redirect" title="Television in Chad">Television</a></li>
<li><a href="Cinema_of_Chad" title="Cinema of Chad">Cinema</a></li></ul></div></div></td>
</tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size:105%;line-height:1.6;">
<a href="Sport_in_Chad" class="mw-redirect" title="Sport in Chad">Sport</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">
<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Monuments</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">
<ul><li><a href="List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Chad" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Chad">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul></div></div></td>
</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">
<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Symbols</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">
<ul><li><a href="Flag_of_Chad" title="Flag of Chad">Flag</a></li>
<li><a href="Coat_of_arms_of_Chad" title="Coat of arms of Chad">Coat of arms</a></li>
<li><a href="National_anthem_of_Chad" class="mw-redirect" title="National anthem of Chad">National anthem</a></li></ul></div></div></td>
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<p><a href="Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a> has two official languages, <a href="Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a> and <a href="French_language" title="French language">French</a>, and over 120 indigenous languages. A vernacular version of Arabic, <a href="Chadian_Arabic" title="Chadian Arabic">Chadian Arabic</a>, is a <a href="Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca">lingua franca</a> and the language of commerce, spoken by 40–60% of the population.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> French is widely spoken in the main cities such as N'Djamena and by most men in the south of the country. Most schooling is in French.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The language with the most first-language speakers is probably <a href="Ngambay_language" title="Ngambay language">Ngambay</a>, with around one million speakers.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>In April 2005 Chad joined the Arab League as an observer, before submitting an application to join the <a href="Arab_League" title="Arab League">Arab League</a> as a <a href="Member_states_of_the_Arab_League" title="Member states of the Arab League">member state</a> on 25 March 2014, <sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which was still pending in 2025.
</p><p><a href="Chadian_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Chadian Sign Language">Chadian Sign Language</a> is a variant of <a href="Nigerian_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Nigerian Sign Language">Nigerian Sign Language</a>, a dialect of <a href="American_Sign_Language" title="American Sign Language">American Sign Language</a>; <a href="Andrew_Foster_(educator)" title="Andrew Foster (educator)">Andrew Foster</a> introduced ASL in the 1960s, and Chadian teachers for the deaf train in Nigeria.
</p>
<meta property="mw:PageProp/toc">
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Niger–Congo_languages">Niger–Congo languages</h2></div>
<ul><li><a href="Adamawa_languages" title="Adamawa languages">Adamawa languages</a>
<ul><li><a href="Goundo_language" title="Goundo language">Goundo</a></li>
<li><a href="Kim_language" title="Kim language">Kim</a> (15,354, <a href="Census" title="Census">RGPH</a> 1993)</li>
<li><a href="Moundang_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Moundang language">Moundang</a> (160,000, RGPH 1993)</li>
<li><a href="Toupouri_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Toupouri language">Toupouri</a> (90,785, RGPH, 1993)</li>
<li><a href="Bua_languages" title="Bua languages">Bua languages</a>: <a href="Bua_language" title="Bua language">Bua</a>, <a href="Niellim_language" title="Niellim language">Niellim</a>, <a href="Gula_Iro_language" title="Gula Iro language">Gula Iro</a>, etc. (total < 30,000)</li></ul></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nilo-Saharan_languages">Nilo-Saharan languages</h2></div>
<ul><li><a href="Maban_languages" title="Maban languages">Maban languages</a>
<ul><li><a href="Maba_language" title="Maba language">Maba</a> (120,000, <a href="SIL_International" class="mw-redirect" title="SIL International">SIL</a> 1991)</li>
<li><a href="Massalit_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Massalit language">Massalit</a> (50,857, RGPH 1993)</li>
<li><a href="Karanga_language" title="Karanga language">Karanga</a></li>
<li><a href="Kendeje_language" title="Kendeje language">Kendeje</a></li>
<li><a href="Marfa_language" title="Marfa language">Marfa</a></li>
<li><a href="Massalat_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Massalat language">Massalat</a></li>
<li><a href="Surbakhal_language" title="Surbakhal language">Surbakhal</a></li>
<li><a href="Kibet_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kibet language">Kibet</a></li>
<li><a href="Runga_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Runga language">Runga</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Fur_languages" title="Fur languages">Fur languages</a>
<ul><li><a href="Mimi_language" title="Mimi language">Mimi</a></li>
<li><a href="Amdang_language" title="Amdang language">Amdang</a> (5,000, Bender 1983)</li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Saharan_languages" title="Saharan languages">Saharan languages</a>
<ul><li><a href="Teda_language" title="Teda language">Tedaga</a></li>
<li><a href="Dazaga_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Dazaga language">Dazaga</a></li>
<li><a href="Kanembu_language" title="Kanembu language">Kanembu</a></li>
<li><a href="Zaghawa_language" title="Zaghawa language">Zaghawa</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Bongo%E2%80%93Bagirmi_languages" title="Bongo–Bagirmi languages">Bongo–Bagirmi languages</a> (Central Sudanic)
<ul><li><a href="Morom_language" title="Morom language">Bernde (Morom)</a></li>
<li><a href="Bagirmi_language" title="Bagirmi language">Bagirmi (Barma)</a> (44,761, RGPH 1993)</li>
<li><a href="Beraku_language" title="Beraku language">Berakou</a></li>
<li><a href="Disa_language" title="Disa language">Disa</a></li>
<li><a href="Gulay_language" title="Gulay language">Gula</a></li>
<li><a href="Jaya_language" title="Jaya language">Jaya</a></li>
<li><a href="Kenga_language" title="Kenga language">Kenga</a> (30,000, SIL 1993)</li>
<li><a href="Naba_language" title="Naba language">Naba</a></li>
<li><a href="Fongoro_language" title="Fongoro language">Fongoro</a></li>
<li><a href="Ngambay_language" title="Ngambay language">Ngambay</a></li>
<li><a href="Sar_language" title="Sar language">Sara (Madjingay)</a> (183,471, RGPH 1993)</li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Sinyar_language" title="Sinyar language">Sinyar</a></li>
<li><a href="Eastern_Sudanic_languages" title="Eastern Sudanic languages">Eastern Sudanic languages</a>
<ul><li><a href="Tama_language" title="Tama language">Tama</a> (63,000)</li>
<li><a href="Sungor_language" title="Sungor language">Sungor</a> (38,000)</li>
<li><a href="Mararit_language" title="Mararit language">Mararit</a> (43,000)</li>
<li><a href="Daju_languages" title="Daju languages">Daju</a></li></ul></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Afro-Asiatic_languages">Afro-Asiatic languages</h2></div>
<ul><li><a href="Semitic_languages" title="Semitic languages">Semitic languages</a>
<ul><li><a href="Bongor_Arabic" title="Bongor Arabic">Bongor Arabic</a> (pidgin)</li>
<li><a href="Chadian_Arabic" title="Chadian Arabic">Chadian Arabic</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Chadic_languages" title="Chadic languages">Chadic languages</a>
<ul><li><a href="Bidiyo_language" title="Bidiyo language">Bidiyo</a></li>
<li><a href="Buduma_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Buduma language">Buduma</a></li>
<li><a href="Dangal%C3%A9at_language" title="Dangaléat language">Dangaléat</a></li>
<li><a href="Southern_Gabri_language" title="Southern Gabri language">Gabri</a></li>
<li>Herdé</li>
<li><a href="Kabalai_language" title="Kabalai language">Kabalai</a></li>
<li><a href="Kera_language" title="Kera language">Kera</a></li>
<li><a href="Kimr%C3%A9_language" title="Kimré language">Kimré</a></li>
<li><a href="Kwang_language" title="Kwang language">Kwang</a></li>
<li><a href="Lele_language_(Chad)" title="Lele language (Chad)">Lele</a></li>
<li><a href="Marba_language" title="Marba language">Marba</a></li>
<li><a href="Masana_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Masana language">Masana</a></li>
<li><a href="Masmaje_language" title="Masmaje language">Masmaje</a></li>
<li><a href="Mesme_language" title="Mesme language">Mesme</a></li>
<li><a href="Migaama_language" title="Migaama language">Migaama</a></li>
<li><a href="Mubi_language" title="Mubi language">Mubi</a></li>
<li><a href="Musey_language" title="Musey language">Musey</a></li>
<li><a href="Musgu_language" title="Musgu language">Musgu</a></li>
<li><a href="Nancere_language" title="Nancere language">Nancere</a></li>
<li><a href="Peve_language" title="Peve language">Pévé</a></li>
<li><a href="Sokoro_language" title="Sokoro language">Sokoro</a></li>
<li><a href="Tobanga_language" title="Tobanga language">Tobanga</a></li>
<li><a href="Tumak_language" title="Tumak language">Tumak</a></li></ul></li></ul>
<p>(<i>Ethnologue</i> lists 54 Chadic languages in Chad altogether, many of them small.)
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Creole_languages">Creole languages</h2></div>
<ul><li><a href="Sango_language" title="Sango language">Sango</a></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Unclassified_languages">Unclassified languages</h2></div>
<ul><li><a href="Laal_language" title="Laal language">Laal</a> (749, SIL 2000)</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>
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<div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">
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</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200706161936/https://www.graphicmaps.com/chad/languages">"Chad's Languages - GraphicMaps.com"</a>. <i>www.graphicmaps.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.graphicmaps.com/chad/languages">the original</a> on 2020-07-06.</cite> </span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.expat-quotes.com/guides/chad/education/international-schools-in-chad.htm#:~:text=The%20educational%20system%20is%20patterned,secondary%20education%20(six%20years).">"International Schools in Chad"</a>.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFKeegan2017" class="citation web cs1">Keegan, John M. (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://morkegbooks.com/Services/World/Languages/SaraBagirmi">"Sara Bagirmi Languages Project"</a>.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="Middle_East_Monitor" title="Middle East Monitor">Middle East Monitor</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20140412-south-sudan-and-chad-apply-to-join-the-arab-league"><i>South Sudan and Chad apply to join the Arab League</i></a>, 12 April 2014, retrieved 6 May 2017</span>
</li>
</ol></div></div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=TD"><i>Ethnologue</i> page on "Languages of Chad"</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.panafril10n.org/wikidoc/pmwiki.php/PanAfrLoc/Chad">PanAfrican L10n page on Chad</a></li></ul>
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</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Languages_of_Chad78" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Languages_of_Chad78" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Official languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="French_language" title="French language">French</a></li>
<li><a href="Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indigenous languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Bagirmi_language" title="Bagirmi language">Bagirmi</a></li>
<li><a href="Bongor_Arabic" title="Bongor Arabic">Bongor Arabic</a></li>
<li><a href="Chadian_Arabic" title="Chadian Arabic">Chadian Arabic</a></li>
<li><a href="Daza_language" title="Daza language">Daza(ga)</a></li>
<li><a href="Hausa_language" title="Hausa language">Hausa</a></li>
<li><a href="Kanembu_language" title="Kanembu language">Kanembu</a></li>
<li><a href="Maba_language" title="Maba language">Maba</a></li>
<li><a href="Ngambay_language" title="Ngambay language">Ngambay</a></li>
<li><a href="Sar_language" title="Sar language">Sara</a></li>
<li><a href="Teda_language" title="Teda language">Teda</a></li>
<li><a href="Mser_language" title="Mser language">Mser</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Immigrant languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="English_language" title="English language">English</a></li>
<li><a href="French_language" title="French language">French</a></li>
<li><a href="Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a></li>
<li><a href="Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a></li>
<li><a href="Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a></li>
<li><a href="Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a></li>
<li><a href="Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a></li>
<li><a href="Danish_language" title="Danish language">Danish</a></li>
<li><a href="Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Languages_of_Africa273" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Languages_of_Africa273" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Languages_of_Africa" title="Languages of Africa">Languages of Africa </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Languages_of_Algeria" title="Languages of Algeria">Algeria</a></li>
<li><a href="Languages_of_Angola" title="Languages of Angola">Angola</a></li>
<li><a href="Languages_of_Benin" title="Languages of Benin">Benin</a></li>
<li><a href="Languages_of_Botswana" title="Languages of Botswana">Botswana</a></li>
<li><a href="Languages_of_Burkina_Faso" title="Languages of Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li>
<li><a href="Languages_of_Burundi" title="Languages of Burundi">Burundi</a></li>
<li><a href="Languages_of_Cameroon" title="Languages of Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li>
<li><a href="Languages_of_Cape_Verde" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li>
<li><a href="Languages_of_the_Central_African_Republic" title="Languages of the Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li>
<li><a href="Languages_of_the_Comoros" title="Languages of the Comoros">Comoros</a></li>
<li><a href="Languages_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Languages of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li>
<li><a href="Languages_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Languages of the Republic of the Congo">Republic of the Congo</a></li>
<li><a href="Languages_of_Djibouti" title="Languages of Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li>
<li><a href="Languages_of_Egypt" title="Languages of Egypt">Egypt</a></li>
<li><a href="Languages_of_Equatorial_Guinea" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></li>
<li><a href="Languages_of_Eritrea" title="Languages of Eritrea">Eritrea</a></li>
<li><a href="Languages_of_Eswatini" title="Languages of Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li>
<li><a href="Languages_of_Ethiopia" title="Languages of Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li>
<li><a href="Languages_of_Gabon" title="Languages of Gabon">Gabon</a></li>
<li><a href="Languages_of_the_Gambia" title="Languages of the Gambia">The Gambia</a></li>
<li><a href="Languages_of_Ghana" title="Languages of Ghana">Ghana</a></li>
<li><a href="Languages_of_Guinea" title="Languages of Guinea">Guinea</a></li>
<li><a href="Languages_of_Guinea-Bissau" title="Languages of Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li>
<li><a href="Languages_of_Ivory_Coast" title="Languages of Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li>
<li><a href="Languages_of_Kenya" title="Languages of Kenya">Kenya</a></li>
<li><a href="Languages_of_Lesotho" title="Languages of Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li>
<li><a href="Languages_of_Liberia" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Liberia">Liberia</a></li>
<li><a href="Languages_of_Libya" title="Languages of Libya">Libya</a></li>
<li><a href="Languages_of_Madagascar" title="Languages of Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li>
<li><a href="Languages_of_Malawi" title="Languages of Malawi">Malawi</a></li>
<li><a href="Languages_of_Mali" title="Languages of Mali">Mali</a></li>
<li><a href="Languages_of_Mauritania" title="Languages of Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li>
<li><a href="Languages_of_Mauritius" title="Languages of Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li>
<li><a href="Languages_of_Morocco" title="Languages of Morocco">Morocco</a></li>
<li><a href="Languages_of_Mozambique" title="Languages of Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li>
<li><a href="Languages_of_Namibia" title="Languages of Namibia">Namibia</a></li>
<li><a href="Languages_of_Niger" title="Languages of Niger">Niger</a></li>
<li><a href="Languages_of_Nigeria" title="Languages of Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li>
<li><a href="Languages_of_Rwanda" title="Languages of Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li>
<li><a href="Languages_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="Languages of São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li>
<li><a href="Languages_of_Senegal" title="Languages of Senegal">Senegal</a></li>
<li><a href="Languages_of_Seychelles" title="Languages of Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li>
<li><a href="Languages_of_Sierra_Leone" title="Languages of Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li>
<li><a href="Languages_of_Somalia" title="Languages of Somalia">Somalia</a></li>
<li><a href="Languages_of_South_Africa" title="Languages of South Africa">South Africa</a></li>
<li><a href="Languages_of_South_Sudan" title="Languages of South Sudan">South Sudan</a></li>
<li><a href="Languages_of_Sudan" title="Languages of Sudan">Sudan</a></li>
<li><a href="Languages_of_Tanzania" title="Languages of Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li>
<li><a href="Languages_of_Togo" title="Languages of Togo">Togo</a></li>
<li><a href="Languages_of_Tunisia" title="Languages of Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li>
<li><a href="Languages_of_Uganda" title="Languages of Uganda">Uganda</a></li>
<li><a href="Languages_of_Zambia" title="Languages of Zambia">Zambia</a></li>
<li><a href="Languages_of_Zimbabwe" title="Languages of Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">States with limited<br>recognition</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Languages_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic">Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic</a></li>
<li><a href="Languages_of_Somaliland" title="Languages of Somaliland">Somaliland</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Dependencies and<br>other territories</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div>
<ul><li><a href="Languages_of_the_Canary_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of the Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a><span class="nowrap"> </span>/ <a href="Languages_of_Ceuta" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Ceuta">Ceuta</a><span class="nowrap"> </span>/ <a href="Languages_of_Melilla" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Melilla">Melilla</a><span class="nowrap"> </span>(Spain)</li>
<li><a href="Languages_of_Madeira" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Madeira">Madeira</a><span class="nowrap"> </span>(Portugal)</li>
<li><a href="Languages_of_Mayotte" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Mayotte">Mayotte</a><span class="nowrap"> </span>/ <a href="Languages_of_R%C3%A9union" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Réunion">Réunion</a><span class="nowrap"> </span>(France)</li>
<li><a href="Languages_of_Saint_Helena" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Saint Helena">Saint Helena</a><span class="nowrap"> </span>/ <a href="Languages_of_Ascension_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Ascension Island">Ascension Island</a><span class="nowrap"> </span>/ <a href="Languages_of_Tristan_da_Cunha" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Tristan da Cunha">Tristan da Cunha</a><span class="nowrap"> </span>(United Kingdom)</li>
<li><a href="Languages_of_Western_Sahara" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Western Sahara">Western Sahara</a></li></ul>
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